Refutation on Agassiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Refutation on Agassiz - Essay Example Although Agassiz started his work while still at the University, he won his reputation in the United States between the years 1807 and 1873 during his final studies of fossil fishes. This essay seeks to discuss the Agassiz theory and some of its refutation. The paper refutes the theory due to its insistence on the inclusion of glaciers, ‘threefold parallelism’ concept and its racist attitudes. That is because Darwin and other scientists argue that glacier is not the only force that has shaped geology worldwide and also all beings are equal. In the 1840’s Agassiz immigrated to America where he become a professor of comparative zoology at Harvard University (Wendel 162). It has been recorded that Agassiz was the first man to challenge and oppose Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. According to him, the theory is scientifically wrong since it is unable to show evidence of transformation of a fossil animal or plant to another or one kind of living to the other. Agassiz main reason for rejecting the Darwin’s theory was based on paleontology since the fossil records did not prop up the evolution. Though Agassiz has been closely associated with the development of the glacial theory, it has been identified that he did not develop it. According to Gould and Morey, the hypothesis was developed by Jens Esmark, Jean de Charpentier, and other natural scientists in the early 1800’s. He only made a little original contribution of expanding the concept of an ice age to a global catastrophe using analytical evidence. Besides, he also developed the idea of uniformitarianism to explain the development of the earth. Moreover, Agassiz borrowed some of the ideas from his theory of mass extinction so as to improve the glacial theory. These plans included the great ice age, climate change, and evolution, and the biblical flood. As a result, the glacial theory becomes widely accepted by most

FDT 1 - week 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

FDT 1 - week 6 - Essay Example the broken immigration system into law will happen if there is a historical or shocking level of cooperation between the bickering parties in the United States political landscape. It can only happen if a bipartisan group from both political divides oversees the immigration reforms (Fifield, 2013). There exists a consensus between Congress and the White House in some of the main policy points in the immigration bill. The main points of agreement relate to the border security issues, a strict employer verification system, and a path to citizenship to people who come into the United States through the borders. A bipartisan group of senators will be the answer to fixing the broken immigration laws since the obstacle to fixing the laws is not policy related but the lack of political goodwill (Fifield, 2013). Fixing the broken immigration laws is not the time the president should exercise his bullying pulpit to make Congress act. It is a time for the president to let the group of eight senators from both parties to lead the way to the finishing line. A group of eight senators referred to as â€Å"the gang of 8" can provide a bipartisan solution to the immigration issue (Fifield, 2013). The group will provide the needed leadership. The group can push for what is to be fixed in the employment of undocumented immigrants, tightening security in the Border between the United Sates and Mexico, and offering a way through citizenship for undocumented immigrants can be granted. A sustained bipartisan spirit should prevail in the reform effort between Republicans and Democrats to fix the immigration

Attitude Towards Women Essay Example for Free

Attitude Towards Women Essay One of the most prominent themes in the Canterbury Tales is the attitudes of the pilgrims towards women. There are two distinct sides in the dispute: that women are simply objects of lust that must never be trusted, and that women are highly respectable and loving. The Shipmans Tale starts off this debate with his depiction of women, which was less than favorable. The woman who is depicted in this tale is the wife of a merchant. She is not treated well by her husband, but certainly is not trustworthy or honorable herself. She sells her body to the best friend of her husband for a measly 100 francs. Her faithfulness to her husband was worth only a few extravagant garments for her to wear. It is her greed for these material goods that drives her into cuckolding her unsuspecting husband. Her worldly desires are more important than her marriage, and in the end she is hardly punished at all. She does manage to keep her husband from finding out, by saying that the Monk was simply repaying his debt and she used the money to buy some clothes. So, she gets away with a crime that would have dealt her a far greater punishment. This outcome, while it certainly wasnt perfect for the wife, was much less than she deserved (Rossignol). The Prioress steps in with the next tale, and takes a much different view. The Prioress herself is a very humble and well-mannered woman, as she is described in the General Prologue. She is also extremely compassionate towards all of Gods creatures. Her tale is a tribute to the greatest woman of all, the Virgin Mary. While it is a tribute to the Virgin, the focus of the story is more on the little boy and his widowed mother. The mother is greatly distressed at her sons disappearance, and is eventually led by Jesus himself to the place where her son has been tossed. The idea that Jesus himself was consorting with this woman and answering her prayers makes a strong statement. Jesus certainly would not aid an evil person, so this widow must have been virtuous and humble (Rossignol). And upon her finding of the little boy, the miracle of the Virgin Mary is presented. The boy, who had praised her and loved her throughout his short life, now sang because of the grain placed on his tongue by Mary herself. The story praises a woman who is unmatched in virtue by any mortal man, and shows a widowed mother to be humble and virtuous herself. Certainly a different view than was displayed in the Shipmans Tale. The tales of Chaucer himself followed the Prioress Tale. The first of which, the Tale of Sir Thopas, didnt take as strong stance on any attitude towards women as did the two tales that preceded it. It did, however, portray women to be objects of lust and affection which could put a man in grave danger. This is what the reader might expect from Chaucer, since he does place himself among some of the other rascals of the group in the General Prologue. The other rascals (the Reeve and Miller especially) had already told stories that depicted women as objects of male desire. Sir Thopas, the knight, left his hometown of Flanders because he had become bored with the local maidens. On his adventure, he dreamt of a beautiful Elf Queen, with whom he fell desperately in love (Ruud). He searched the forest in search of her, and vowed to never stop until her found her. When he met the three-headed giant who stood in his way, he went back home to prepare to fight. He was ready to risk his life to gain the love of the Elf Queen. The Elf Queen in this story is an object of lust and desire, much like the merchants wife in the Shipmans Tale. Since the story is cut short, though, the reader never gets a chance to see what this Queen is really like. All that is seen is that she has captured the heart of this young and noble knight, which has him risking his life in search of her. After Chaucers first sorry tale is cut short, he moves on to the Tale of Melibee. In this story some different attitudes towards woman are actually discussed verbally amongst the characters. Melibee talks of how all women are evil and none are good. But, his wife Prudence responds to that by saying that Jesus would never have been born to an evil woman, nor would he have appeared to a woman afte r his resurrection. So, not all women could be evil. This point is accepted by Melibee, as her point has been clearly made. Also, she points out women who have saved the lives of their husbands and who were truthful to them. As this argument continues, Prudence continues to sway Melibee to accept her argument. She does this with good intentions as well. She does not want her husband to go to war with these enemies of his which certainly could put them all in danger. By the end of the story, she has convinced him so thoroughly that he ignores the advice of his counsel, and follows her advice almost to the letter (Ruud). He does, however, give his enemies a bit of a verbal chiding against her wishes. It is quite possible that he did this simply to maintain himself as the sovereign lord of his estate, and to show Prudence that she has not gained complete mastery over him. This story takes an opposite approach towards women than Chaucer did in the Tale of Sir Thopas. But, since Chaucer does portray himself in the tales as a dunce, it is possible that this character is simply to doltish to make up his mind and take a solid stance on the issue. The Nuns Priest has the final say in the matter. The Priest is traveling with the Prioress, so before reading this tale one might think that he will be afraid to offend her. This story deals extensively on this issue, and has to main points which reveal the Priests attitude towards women. Chauntecleer quotes a Latin phrase that he says means that women are the bliss of men. However, the phrase actually said that women are mens ruin. So why did Chauntecleer lie to Pertelote when he told her this false translation? Well, quite possibly because he didnt want to upset her any further, and because he was about to spend the whole morning having sex with her. If he had upset her further, she may have turned him away. Chauntecleer also began to compliment her looks along with changing the meaning of the Latin phrase because he loved her and he wanted to make love to her. So, this is in fact showing that women are the bliss of men, since Chauntecleer is going out of his way to please Pertelote (Scala). By afternoon of the same day, the story takes quite a turn. Pertelote had criticized Chauntecleer for being so cowardly after his dream, and he flew down from his safe perch because of her insults. Because of this, his vision soon came true, and he was captured by the fox. If it had not been for Pertelote berating him because of his cowardice, he would have stayed in his perch in safety. Now, the true meaning of the Latin phrase is also shown as true, as Pertelote has caused the ruin of the great Chauntecleer. There is one substantial difference in this story, however. When Chauntecleer is taken away by the fox, Pertelote shrieks and is quite distressed, as the story emphasizes. She expresses genuine concern for Chauntecleer, unlike the wife in the Shipmans Tale and Dalilah in the Monks Tale. So, the Nuns Priests point on the matter is quite simple. Women are the bliss of men, but, whether intentionally or not, also bring about the ruin of the men they love. Works Cited Rossignol, Rosalyn. The Shipmans Tale. Critical Companion to Chaucer: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007.Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. Rossignol, Rosalyn. The Prioress Tale. Critical Companion to Chaucer: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007.Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. Scala, Elizabeth, and Michelle M. Sauer.The Nuns Priests Tale. In Sauer, Michelle M. The Facts On File Companion to British Poetry before 1600. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. Ruud, Jay. The Tale of Sir Thopas. Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web.

The Three Faces of Eve Psychology Analysis

The Three Faces of Eve Psychology Analysis The Three Faces of Eve, the 1957-true-based Hollywood film, deals with the case based on a true womans mental illness and her treatment as well. In the film, she is presented as Eve White, who is a shy wife and mother, just a common woman of the era. This woman is subject to severe headaches and blackouts, thats why she is sent to see Dr. Luther, a personality psychiatrist. During a conversation with his patient a new personality, Eve Black emerges, at this stage Eve White self is unaware of Eve Black, but Eve Black knows everything about Eve White. Eve Black had an extroverted, insinuating and liberal personality, she liked to smoke, dance and date men, she was single. After Eve Black becomes the dominate personality, Eve Whites husband abandons her and their daughter. After that Eve White is hospitalized after Eve Black tried to kill Eve Whites daughter. After that, Dr. Luther considered that both selfs personalities are inadequate, through hypnosis he attempts to get a traumatic event in Eves childhood, this is when he finds out that, when she was six, her grandmother died and every relative was supposed to kiss the dead body, as a way of making it easier to let go. According to the film, that was the reason she split into several personalities. During a hypnosis session, a third personality arrives, Jane, who was more stable. This personality eventually merges the other two into a single one, becoming a normal person again. Later she marries again and reunites with her daughter. During the film, some persuasive fact was that Dr. Luther asked for some other doctors opinion for the case, given the situation of not having previous studies available nor the necessary reference information at that time. The film reveals different methods to convey messages such as Dramatic, for example, the way in which the switch from one personality to another was made, understanding this was a way for the audience to know that this was happening, the acting and the sound. Another method was Humorous, an example is a way they presented Eve Black and how she behaved in the film, sometimes when she appeared, the background music was insinuating, and another one was when Eve Black tried to dance with her doctor. The last method was Factual when she was taken as a subject of studies and also when they showed all the symptoms Eve had, such as headaches, hearing voices, amnesia, and blackouts. Humor was used as a way of establishing the difference between one personality and another, thereby, the audience could perceive clearly the difference between the different personalities the character had. Some techniques are used to set the mood /give insight into the characters mood state, for example, sometimes Eve White cried as an evidence of sadness and worries when she was talking to Dr. Luther. The film also showed an Eve Black always happy when she danced with the music. Eve Black, by lying in bed, she showed she was also mad because she was tired of being in the mental hospital. She cried when her husband yields at her. The movie used music combination to show saddens. This film reveals a mental illness called Dissociative Personality Disorder (DPD), in which a person could adopt up to 100 new identities. Each self or identity, simultaneously coexisting with each other. One hundred alters is considered extreme, but cases around 15 is an average. In some cases, the identities can be complete and they have their own physical gestures, the tone of voice. The transition from one personality into another, it is called a switch. Even though the switch is usually quick, it may be exaggerated in movies, just like happened in this case. As in the real-life case of DPD, just like from which this film was based upon, rarely manifest so few personalities, actually, the woman who inspired this movie, in fact, said that she had twenty-six different personalities inside her psyche. Others documented cases run into dozens of personality manifestations. The portrayals of this mental illness in this film could be considered positive somehow because in the 50s there was not enough information about this mental illness. As a start, the way to present the symptoms, the complete personalities, could be considered somewhat right but not accurate. The portrayal showed that and early-childhood trauma was the cause for this woman to have DPD, but people with dissociative identity disorder tend to have histories of recurring life-threatening traumas such as physical or sexual abuse before age of nine, and the cause may also be extreme emotional abuse or neglect. So, in this case, the abusive husbands treatment could have been the reason too.   Ã‚   Work cited page David Schuette (2016, November 22). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtBpM2Z98Xs Wilcox, D. L., Cameron, G. T., Reber, B. H. (2014). Public relations: Strategies and tactics (11th ed.). Boston, MA, United States: Pearson College Div.

Filter of History :: essays research papers

History is told through a filter. Whether it is the filter of a persons mind or of a writer’s pen. Events such as the assassination of JFK, or for my generation the explosion of the Challenger have a way of burning themselves in our minds. We remember where we were, what we were doing, even what we were wearing. One would think that the details of such an event would remain fairly accurate from person to person, however this is untrue. As in the example given in the reading selection after the Civil War ended some people only chose to remember the bravery of the white soldiers, not the reason brother was against brother. Some in the South tried to pretend that nothing had changed with the Lynch laws forcing slaves back onto the plantations. It seems that region as well as human thought was the influence of these ideals. A person can chose to remember an event as something that is painful or concentrate on the good of the event. As with a persons memory of history being a filter so is that of a historian’s pen, even though the reasons vary. This can be traced back nearly to the beginning of written history, though most examples are taken from the early Catholic Church. Furthermore, factors of politics, region, and public opinion almost always have an effect on what becomes written history. â€Å"History came to play a major role in propagating this modern orthodoxy, particularly in the United States. And just because their national history was so integral to Americans’ identity, the new orthodoxy became part of the political conflicts generated by industrialization† (Appleby et al.,132). In contrast to remembering and writing what is more pleasant comes the historian who wants to tear down the pedestals that some of our great figures have been placed on. Charles Beard, a preeminent progressive historian set out to do just this to our

William Timothy O’Briens Novels :: William Timothy OBrien Essays

William Timothy O’Brien's Novels William Timothy O’Brien has written many stories during his lifetime. The first of which he wrote when he was nine years old. "Timmy of the Little League" was an autobiography of a youngster involved in sports (Myers, 143). As Tim was growing up, he took a break from writing. He began again while serving in the Vietnam war. When he began writing again, he quickly readapted to an autobiographical style of writing. These wartime stories are what has made O’Brien one of the leading writers today. His style is often compared to other factfiction writers; such as Hemmingway, Fitzgerald and Faulkner (Myers, 144). It is said by critics that O’Brien uses a lot of the same plot ideas as used by these other famous wartime authors. Even though similar plots are used, O’Brien uses his own experiences to make the stories realistic and inspirational. The same basic themes runs throughout all of O’Brien’s stories. According to Thomas Myers, all of O’Brien’s work contains these basic principles: "the continual interplay of fact and imagination in fiction and in life; the compulsive, absurd, noble quest for human truth; the difficulty in defining and obtaining the elusive quality of courage; and ongoing human need for fragile, made up, explanatory device we call story." With all of these elements together Tim is trying to write stories that fill his description that "War stories aren’t about war-they are about the human heart at war." While serving in the South China Sea, O’Brien wrote poetry and short vignettes about what he was experiencing. After returning from his Vietnam tour-of-duty, O’Brien wrote If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me Home. This autobiography is an account of a soldier facing death and searching for courage. O’Brien "offers a particular version of himself who is both a participant telling one man’s story and a symbolic emissary of his culture who exchanges traditional and pop culture myth for hard-earned knowledge of personal transgression and historical experience."(Oates, 438) O’Brien wrote about searching for personal courage while fighting a war he did not believe in. He also touches on the fear he faced as he grew from a naive young boy into a war-torn man. Some of the poetry and vignettes O’Brien wrote during the war show up in If I Die in a Combat Zone." O’Brien wrote this novel to help tell the public about the real horrors and fears that go along with war. This and the rest of O’Brien’s novels are used to show Americans the falsehood of the idea that war is glamorous. The same themes shows up in O’Brien’s second book.

Discussion/ Technology and Operations management

Customization is here to stay and has become part of us. An achievement begins with strategies that know what to modify instead of only dealing with difficulties in management. The Working together of both the operations and marketing departments improves results (Orlando, 2007). According to Booz & Company (2008) lack of coordination by the marketing department and project management in doing some particular activities sets prices too high. This in turn affects the performance of customization strategies. Relationship between project management and marketing managementThe o relationship between project management and marketing management is the objectives need to be the same. Marketing’s main objective is to meet the demand and supply of consumers without thinking of prices. The project manager is supposed to find a way to minimize these costs. (Booz & Company, 2008). They need to come to some level of agreement in terms of setting objectives so that they set specific objecti ves that reduces costs and keeps consumers satisfied. The other relationship between marketers and operations is cutting costs and satisfying consumers’ needs.There seems to be a conflict between project management and marketing department. Instead of cooperating with each other, they are at loggerheads. Marketing wants many varieties to choose from while operations want to make those changes at low costs. The other relationship between the two departments is that they are reimbursed differently. Marketing revolves around unit sales while project management main concern is about reducing manufacturing cost. Project managers and marketers do not have the same interests.This factor can strain there relationship between them. Project managers are technicians and doers. While marketers do not deal with specific issues (Booz & Company, 2008). Other relationship that they share between them is reduction of costs. When project managers, cut down costs and do not consult marketersâ⠂¬â„¢ then that becomes a problem. Relevance of project management in the work force Project management and marketing management are important to each other and there is need for harmonization for the two when working together.One department cannot do without the other, they are essential to each other (Booz & company,2008). The operations person assumes that, the sales people do not appreciate the cost factors while the sales people assume that the operations people do not appreciate that consumers are everything (Booz & company, 2008). There is need for a truce because in the event that they do not consult with each other it can bring to much variety of goods or cause costs to escalate (Booz & company, 2008).Another importance is the involvement of top leadership in encouraging dialogue between the two departments. In addition, there needs to be a meeting where both, project management and marketing department discuss about strategies to create teams that are cross -functional. Th e relevance of finding a common ground to discuss these issues is of great importance as it attributes to actions that solely base on costing analysis (Booz & Company, 2008). What is apparent is what choices are made and when to make them.The importance is to know the main objective of your organization’s purpose, as this will boost productions as well as marketing productivity. Appreciating both the real price and worth of the goods is important (Booze &Company, 2008). Organizations should centre there attention on customer understanding and set customizable elements into specific packages as an alternative of giving thousands of variations (Booze &Company, 2008). Incorporating strategic partners is essential in investigating costs productions (Orlando, 2007).Conclusion It is therefore apparent that project management helps in reducing cost productions, in the case of Egol, Booz &company, (2008) remembers a situation where he modified nearly all the machinery in trying to pl ease the consumers wants because they had specific requirements. If consumers are overwhelmed with goods to buy, they get so confused until they do not but at all. If here was an operational management they would have stopped the over indulgence. Reference Booz & Company. (2008).The challenge of customization: Bringing Operations and Marketing together the global commercial consulting firm. Retrieved on 22nd July 2009. Available at http://www.strategy-business.com/press/sbkw2/sbkwarticle/sbkw040616?tid=230&pg= Orlando, F. S. (2007). Centered collaboration2007, Retrieved on 22nd   July 2009. Available at http://www.gmaonline.org/events/2007/isld/presentations/overcomingc.pdf. Discussion/ Technology and Operations Management International Project management is very essential to control resource usage to ensure quality productions. International projects involve many people with different cultures and backgrounds. It is therefore necessary to have management system that harmonizes the cultural, social, political and economic differences amongst them. Project manager should be tactical and wise in decision making to ensure every project member is well catered for and maximum utilization of the resources is achieved to meet project objectives (Kwak, 2002). Development of an international project management plan in workplaceInternational project development environments are affected with many factors originating from within and outside the development environments by nature. International project development plan may be affected by cultural, social, political and economic factors and so the management plan should consider all these factors (Kwak, 2002). The international project management plan should consid er all possible physical factors in the countries involved for mitigation. In addition, the laws and regulations governing different countries should be considered to ensure political stability.With the political factors solved, there will be improved returns on investments due to reduction in risks resulting from uncertainties in the international project development environment. In any business, there has to be legal requirements to be met. An international project development management system has to meet all the legal requires in terms of government policies and regulations. These factors may affect prices, exchange rates in the markets, taxations and even financial management systems. This may lead to some people losing their jobs and others incurring losses in the business.As a business right, political factors should be well managed to ensure market stability for the market users (Kwak, 2002). Cultural factors such as style or values should be considered when developing an in ternational project development management system. Since some countries are not aware of the some cultural resources in other countries, assistance should be provided to facilitate the international projects development process. Cultural value should be put into consideration when designing the management system. When planning for an international project management system, technological factors should be put in to consideration.This is because technological designs and level of use vary from country to country (Kwak, 2002). This may lead to varied participation levels in a project and so a project manager should consider the variation to successfully manage a project. Employing project management techniques to skillfully and ethically lead complex international projects in organizations Project management is a technique through which projects can be evaluated to encourage soft skills application in contrast with the hard skills to achieve the project goals.Soft skills are mostly ba sed on the technical resources required to carryout a project such as stakeholders’ contributions, collaboration or teamwork, organizational behaviors and management strategies (Marques, 2005). According to Harold (2005), for a successful project management in an organization, skillful and ethical techniques for a success in a complex or large organization are as follows. First, there has to be process integrations in the organizations. Integration of processes involves forming teamwork or collaborations in a project to ensure every member’s requirements are catered for in the product design.In addition, teamwork ensures success because of improved participation amongst members. Second, incorporation of cultural values at the design stages of a management system. Incorporation of the cultural values in multicultural organization will ensure equitable presentation of all members rights and therefore not to lower their dignity or abuse their rights (Harold, 2005). Third, information and support managements, which includes monitoring and assessing the communication systems to capture everyone’s views in terms of comments or suggestions.Forth, trainings should be provided to all members of an organization particularly in technology use to enable them to embrace technology use. In many occasions, management well trained employees in an organization are highly empowered and they participate fully in all areas within the organization to improve productivity. Fifth, behavioral excellence that involves instilling ethical values to the employees. Employees have to know their rights and how to protect them in the organization.Management system should provide fro a way in which petitions in the working environment can be solved fairly to create unity and harmony amongst workers (Harold, 2005). Diversity & cross-cultural perspectives, Team building skills, Decision making in the workplace In a multicultural environment, there has to be change managemen t, which enables new members in the organization to be induced well and successful fit in the new working environment. Decision-making based production methods should be put in to considerations to avoid resource wastages and satisfy all internal requirements in an organization.Lean manufacturing should be adopted to only produce when needed to minimize resource consumption in the organization (Joomla, 2009). In addition to lean manufacturing, project management should be carried out in all projects in an organization. This is to ensure quality performances to continuously improve in productions. Project management will also ensure cost effective use of resources particularly in a large and complex organization. In diverse and multicultural organizations, conflicts are likely to happen due to the cultural and environmental differences.Conflict management system should be availed to provide fair judgments to the organizational members. Teamwork or collaboration should be encouraged t o facilitate decision-making and enhance innovativeness (Joomla, 2009). Enhanced decision making and innovativeness will lead to quality production through making good plans for investments. Innovation may also lead to improvements in the supply chain levels. A well-managed supply chain model can be improved through innovation or technology use to eliminate non-value adding processes to production processes.Conclusion Project management is very fundamental in all projects whether in large or small organizations. International project management is just as necessary as the local ones (Marques, 2005). In multicultural organizations, the employees have to be trained on various social, cultural, political and economic factors to ensure uniformity during a joint project. Project managers are required to consider the cultural factors when designing a management structure for all the members to be accommodated and be free to fully participate in the organizational tasks. Reference: Harold, K. (2005). Advanced Project Management best Practices on Implementation, 2nd ed, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey Joomla. (2009). Certification, Innovation, Decision Making, Project Management, Team Building, Conflict Management: Certification Programs for Educational and Business Organizations Standards or Courses Custom Designed for your Organization. Joomla. Viewed on 13th June 2009, Available at http://endeavourprojects.com/Joomla Kwak, Y. H. (2002). Critical Success Factors in International Development Project Management. Viewed on 13th June 2009. Available at http://home.gwu.edu/~kwak/Kwak_CIB65_2002.pdf Marques, G. M. (2005). Discussion of the distinguishing features of Project Management in the 21st Century. Viewed on 13th June 2009. Available at http://www.caaei.org/anexos/65.doc