Case: Pizza Chains of the United States and Pizza Hut Essay

Executive Summary Competing in the market today can be very complicated. â€Å"The Pizza industry is a 30+ Billion per year industry (â€Å"Facts,† 2010)† Maintaining a steady position in this industry is very imperative to us being successful in such a competitive market environment. Deciding when to expand a company is very important. There are decisions to be made for example whether management wants to vertically or horizontally integrate. What Resources will be needed? Other decisions may be to add a new product line to compete with other companies already in the market. Recognizing these issues early on help to eliminate falling behind in the market due to not recognizing competition when as it arises. So far to date Domino’s has done a remarkable job at staying ahead of the game. Being an innovator in deliver, later marketing the HeatWave bag, and even entering into new markets with hot oven subs and pasta bowls. The latest of our strive for excellence has resulted in us revamping our recipe. Just like everyone else we have our weaknesses, but our strengths are where we prevail. We have a great supply chain and have integrated it quite well. Our ability to change and implement these though our franchises have been relatively impressive. This is very unique to us indeed. We have overcome many obstacles. Since 2007 the economy has taken a downturn and has yet to recover completely. We have adapted by reducing prices, adding menu items and integrated a new recipe into our company to achieve more of a competitive advantage in this every changing market. As Trends change so do we. Even though we are doing great with the current changes, we need to take full advantage of the momentum and enter into a new market before a new competitor rises up and blindly and takes us by surprise. The frozen pizza market has almost exploded in the last few years with America trying to get more for the buck. â€Å"The frozen pizza market continues to perform well as consumers continue to seek value and convenience and are trading down from delivery and restaurant pizza companies(Shea, 2010)† to include us and our competitors. This is our chance to get into the frozen pizza market. With brand recognition alone we should be successful and now that we have our new recipe behind us we should be able to be a strong contender. Expanding that even further and not only offering frozen but offering unfrozen pizza as well with fresh topping in my opinion has a recipe for success. Imagine customers grabbing a domino’s pizza while grocery shopping. They would be getting the same over freshness we offer without the need for delivery. We could penetrate that market from customers who normally don’t order delivery. Dominos has made these decisions before â€Å"We made a lot of tough calls in terms of expanding our menu and changing our recipe(Veenendaal , & York, 2010) â€Å"according to Mr. Brandon. This is something we obviously are getting really good with. Without recognizing this new threat of competing with the frozen food isle we are destined to fall behind. Introduction Domino’s pizza first began in 1960 from a pizza store known as DomiNicks. It was purchased by Tom Monaghan and his brother James Monaghan for $900. James later sold his half of the partnership to Tom for a Volkswagen Beetle. In 1965 Tom now the sole owner of the company renames it to the name we recognize today as Domino’s. The first Dominos pizza franchise originated from Ypsilanti, Michigan in 1967. In 1978 the Franchise had grew to over 200 stores. Then again only 5 years later in 1983 we hit another bench mark in our company by reaching our 1000th store and were international. Today approximately 90% of our company’s domestic stores are franchised. We use our company owned stores as a testing ground for our new products and technologies which we then pass onto our franchisees. Over our 45-year history, â€Å"Domino’s has developed a simple business model focused on its core strength of delivering quality pizza in a timely manner. This business model includes a delivery-oriented store design with low capital requirements, a focused menu of pizza and complementary side items, committed owner-operator franchisees and a vertically-integrated distribution system (Reuters, 2010). †In 1993 we had to discontinue a successful marketing campaign for delivery that was well known as the 30-min guarantee and redirected out emphasis on more on the Total Satisfaction Guarantee; â€Å"If for any reason you are dissatisfied you’re your Domino’s Pizza dining experience, we will re-make your pizza or refund your money(â€Å"Our Heritage,† 2008). † In the 1992 we rolled out bread sticks which had significance in that it was our first non-pizza menu item. Shorty after that in 1994 we introduced Buffalo wings to our domestic stores. This another technique used to complement our already thriving pizza delivery business. When compared to others in the industry during this time we were sustaining our competitiveness by offering more of a range of products with speedy delivery. Spinning off into the hot wings market allowed us to grab attention of being more than just a pizza delivery business. We now had more variety with the same great speed and service. With the dot com bubble coming to light in the 90’s, we again led the way by getting in early on the dominos. com. â€Å"The dot-com bubble was a speculative bubble covering roughly 1995-2000(â€Å"W dot-com bubble,† 2010). †We recognized this competitive advantage early and launch our first website in 1996, Dominos. com. Our ability to continue to recognize the importance of adapting to an ever changing market has been the key to us maintaining our current position today. In 1998 we launched another industry innovation by offering the first patented technology bag that keeps the pizza oven-hot to the customer door. It was called the Domino’s Heat Wave and was used heavily in advertisement to gain customer confidence in the delivery of a hot piping pizza directly to their door and is still used today. This added to our already strong brand recognition in the market and continued to add more of a distance between us and our competitors. By taking full advantage of the opportunity to be an innovator to pizza delivery, we not only provided a service that was not yet established in the market place early but established the brand name recognition for pizza delivery which is the key advantage over other competitors in the pizza delivery service. After most of the recent research that has been done today, it has come to our attention in today’s market that customers would prefer a great tasting pizza over a speedy delivery. The fact that we have shifted our ideas to revamping our recipes was a great challenge for us this past year and has worked out rather well. This was big step from our traditional idea of being successful by competing to make a speedy delivery and cheaper pizza. Today we are competing by making a great pizza with the added convenience of delivery to the customer door step hot and fresh as well. We operate out business in three segments, domestic stores, domestic supply chain, and international. Our domestic stores are comprised of 4461 franchise stores and 466 company-owned stores, generated revenues of $493. 6 million and income from operations of 121. 5 million during the fiscal year ended jan3, 2010. Our domestic supply chain segment, generated revenues of $763. 7 million and income from operations of $57. 0 million during 2009. Our international segment generated revenues of $146. 8 million, of which approximately 53% related to franchises royalties and fees, and generated income from operations of $66. 8million, of which approximately 91% related to franchise royalties and fees. This was all data taken from the 2009 dominos 10k. This shows our ability to compete. Our mission statement says a lot about us as a company. â€Å"Exceptional franchisees and team members on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world (â€Å"Bloomburg business week,† 2010)† shows that even though we have focused on selling more pizza than any other competitor in the market we want to encourage a fun atmosphere. By encouraging our employees to work as part of a team, it not only encourages a successful work environment, but also reflects over the counter to our customers. This high energetic atmosphere surrounding our establishments has a great impact on the customer’s perspective and how they perceive us and the value of not only the product we sell but our company as a whole. This is in line with our vision statement as well. One of our international vision statements of being â€Å"number one in pizza, number one is people (â€Å"Inside domino’s,† 2008)† shows our commitment not only to making great pizza but ensuring our customer’s stay happy. Today more than ever people are addicted to fast food. It is a fast growing industry. Fast food is considered by most to be a food that is consumed on the go. Customer’s today love style, taste, and have preferences that we as a participant in the pizza delivery sector must tap into to be successful. â€Å"The Pizza industry is a 30+ Billion per year industry (â€Å"Facts,† 2010)† Maintaining a steady position in this industry is very imperative to us being successful in such a competitive market environment. We have made a significant step forward by changing our game plan and mixing up our ingredients to get more of what Americans are in tune with. â€Å"Americans eat approximately 100 acres of pizza each day or about 350 slices per second (â€Å"Facts,† 2010)†. Understanding the current eating habits of our customers today is the key to being successful in tomorrow world. We have led the way by being an innovator and setting the standard in delivery when we first began and don’t need to stop now only by spicing up our ingredients. We now have the momentum to achieve so much more and I highly recommend we take full opportunity of this push forward to regain our customers and compete not only in pizza delivery industry, but in the frozen food isle as well. There are so many avenues of completion we could look at and I would like to take this opportunity to give you’re my insights and the direction I think we should pursue to take our company far in to the future and deter other from entering our industry. Analysis-Debt Analysis In analyzing our debt, I have discovered that our greatest strength according to standard and poor’s is our ability to continue to have reductions in debt. This gives us a favorable upper hand in the market being that our competitor’s realize that we now have plenty of working capital. â€Å"Our favorable view of DPZ reflects the expected benefits we see from the company’s four-pronged strategy. Namely, its ongoing reductions in debt, the early success of efforts to gain domestic market share via its â€Å"New Inspired Pizza,† a heightened focus on operational excellence and financial strength among its domestic franchisee base, and continuing international expansion. (â€Å"S&p focus stock,† 2009). †Hopefully this will help sustain our competitive differences among our competition. In looking at the financials from moneycentral.com, I have discovered that our net profit margin to be 5. 5% and papa john’s net profit margin to be 5. 44%. This shows that we have a slighter higher return on every dollar we have invested and thus leading us to have a stronger position than papa johns. According to the 10k posted on investing. businessweek. com we have a strong cash flow and earnings stream â€Å"A substantial percentage of our earnings are generated by our committed, owner-operator franchisees through royalty payments and revenues to our vertically-integrated supply chain system(United states securities, 2010). †Our system has produced strong cash flow for us, this had led to our success enabling us to invest in the domino’s pizza brand, our stores, and our supply chain centers, pay dividends, and repurchase share of common stock, and repurchases and retire outstanding principle on our fixed debt notes and deliver a better than average return for our stockholders. Our system is a very diversified franchise system. We have come a long way in our line of business. Being that we not only integrated a new recipe to integrate it into this whole supply chain has been quite impressive. With corporate deciding to change our ingredients in our pizza recipe to regain our customer base has been more than a success and the number reflect on our 10k for 2009. This reflects to an extent that our â€Å"new inspired pizza† for the moment is working. New Inspired Pizza This new strategic decision to ramp up our recipe all came about after a study we conducted a study in 2009. We discovered that a lot of people did not like our pizza. With statement made like â€Å"Domino’s pizza crust, to me, taste like cardboard (burkitt, 2009). † We had no other option but to change the way we made pizza dough and sauce recipes and launched new and inspired pizzas earlier this year. We reformulated our ideas to regain new and old customers. After weighing the fact that we no longer have the lead in delivery and the taste of our pizza is a very important to our customers. This alerted us to the how our old strategic performance measured up. This again gave us a much needed opportunity to give the customers something different. Our competition has decided to stay with their traditional style recipes and we now have the opportunity to surge forward and offer a more value to our customers with our new look and feel. We took a huge gamble in our advertising campaign for our â€Å"New Inspired Pizza† by acknowledging our previous shortcomings of our pizza. This campaign included TV ads giving customers a snapshot of our new ingredients. We have encouraged many to try our new pizza and so far it has been a successful campaign. According to the data we collected I am pretty confident that the new pizzas have been a huge success, leading to 14% sales increase in the first quarter of 2010 at most locations opened more than a year. The fact that the customer realizes we listened to them, and we changed our pizza shows our loyalty to how our customer feel. They reacted by returning. As of the quarter ending march 28th, 2010 â€Å"the company’s domestic same store sales grew 14. 3% as a result of increased store traffic from the successful introduction of its new and inspired pizza(â€Å"Domino’s pizza announces,† 2010). †There has been a lot of noise around the change to our pizza. I feel that it has obviously showed it was successful. Our President and chief executive officer J. Patrick Doyle, has been quoted as stating â€Å"a remarkably better pizza, and our honesty in how we told consumers about it, is paying off with a revitalized overall category – with dominos leading that trend. We couldn’t be more please with the success of our new and inspired pizza (â€Å"Domino’s pizza announces,† 2010). † This is a very important statement in that that not only demonstrates that our president is in full tune with what is going on in our company but he truly understood what we faced and has inspired to our competitors that we will not throw in the towel and that we will be giant to contend with if they decide to get into our market. He later added â€Å"Our international division kept up its phenomenal growth trajectory again this quarter, with continued success in our existing markets, along with new markets expected to open in Europe, Asia and Latin America yet in 2010. I think we have by far the best international story in the sector. (â€Å"Domino’s pizza revenue,† 2010) . † This is very significant in that is relays another message that we not only concerned about one division but multiple ones. We are very good at what we do. We show diversification and show the world we are global contenders. Sub Competition Another strength I see that we recognized approximately 2 years ago and was the idea to add oven baked sandwiches. This has led to our competitiveness in that we deliver not only pizza but hot oven baked sandwiches as well. Prices at just $4. 99 and available in 4 varieties offers competitiveness to more than just pizza hut and papa john’s but other fast food chains as well. Papa johns does compete in this area with chicken strips but have failed to expand any further. They have desert pizza’s but so far that decision has not affected our sales. Customer’s ability to have the convenience of sitting at home and have us deliver their oven baked sandwich versus having to drive not only appeals to them on a convenience level but also that they save gas as well. The president of dominos USA commented on the launch stating â€Å"as of today, we are the largest sandwich delivery company in the nation. This launch springboards dominos in the lunch business by providing a product that is high quality, priced right and aimed at convenience-minded people without a lot of time. Of course, sandwiches are also available any time our stores are open (â€Å"Domino’s pizza extends,† 2008). † Reevaluation We have also reevaluated our domestic franchisee stores to change things up a bit. We have recognized the need for improved performance. We recognized the three dimensions of performance according to the Strategic management by bandford and west â€Å"1) summery measures that reflect the impact of integrated efforts across the entire company, 2) measures that can be compared to competitors and 3) measures that account for longer periods of time(Bamford, West, & Reviews, 2009)† We gave the stores a grade from A to D Based on sales, operating profits, and the strengths of their financials. This analyzed the summary of how the franchise stores measured up across our domestic market. This allows to recognized problems and fixes them without causing damages to our reputation. The franchise’s that scored the lowest were offered assistance and advise on how to regain back their customer base. This big push forward in the implementation of reevaluation and adjustments to our existing stores to how we do business is was much needed. We provided them with the option to be bought out. Due to our ability to repurchase these weaker franchisees locations, this led refranchises to its stronger operators. These were measured we considered important when comparing to our competitors. We did have to shut down a number of stores but the results we hope to achieve are higher sales for franchisees and a boost to company royalties as well. This all played in as a part of return on assets (ROA). After this strategic decision of realigning our stores this gave our existing stores more company profitability, and also focused on each stores strengths and weaknesses. Marketing Campaign Without an effective marketing campaign and getting the word out that we got it, our changes would have been pointless. There comes a time when we realized changes needed to be made. The fact that we discovered customers were not completely satisfied with our pizza and reacted was a great move on our part to recognize it could damage us dramatically if changes were not made accordingly. This led to our drive to become better. In taking advantage of today technologically advances and using YouTube to relay the message that we got the message. It allowed customers to see exactly what we were doing to combat the flaws that they had pointed out. We were aware they were unhappy and this has helped in significantly getting the word out our pizza has changed and we do care about how our product taste. Weakness A huge weakness that I feel that we really need to consider and get on board with today is the entry into the pizza into the frozen pizza industry. This has many potential upsides. This may be one of the best strategic moves we could make using the momentum we have with the revitalizing of our pizza. We need to show we can take on any competitor. Taking full advantage of the opportunity provided by the economy and using this to our advantage not only guarantees that we can be successful in the market but also seals the deal that when the economy picks up that we will remain victorious there. The customers have rushed the frozen food isles in grocery stores since it may be cheaper to purchase and microwave a pizza than ordering from delivery which in general tends to be more expensive. Providing pizza’s cheaper grasp the customer’s attention when deciding where money gets the most for its value. We still provide a superior product but in my opinion we have to compete with price in this market to be successful and to do that we need to be in this market. We have to look further than our traditional competitors and broaden our horizon. This way of thinking and planning ahead assures we continue to be competitive and reestablished our ability to adapt to change. The Competition It is not secret who our biggest competitors are. The tradition pizza wars between us and pizza hut, and papa john’s has been among the greatest. Today we not only compete with pizza hut as a top competitor but Papa john pizza as well. There are some other local establishments that try to compete but for the most part domestically, these are the top two we need to be concerned about and devote our attention to analyzing our marketing approach. We need to remain vigilant and aggressive in assessing our competition and not forget that at any moment they could regain the momentum. So far we have sustained our position but to obtain sustainability in the market takes being very proactive and not underestimating the competition or taking for granted our current position. In comparing ourselves among other in the industry it is no secret that we must compete with papa johns and pizza hut to remain successful in our market. In analyzing the big three, domino’s pizza they reported a â€Å"1. 4% increase in domestic same store sales for the fourth quarter ending jan3rd (Morgan, 2010). †2009, pizza hut reported sales were â€Å"down 9% for 2009(Morgan, 2010)†,and papa john’s â€Å"reported same-store sales were down . 5% this quarter (Morgan, 2010). †These numbers have demonstrated our ability to regain our competitive separation. We have focused more on ramping up our recipe but â€Å"it is hard to gauge how to sustainable it is. Typically you see a few good weeks on any promotion, but this is such a different thing (Morgan, 2010). †This approach should prove to be a successful market campaign but time will tell. Pizza hut has elected to go with more of a traditional approach focused on price competition, with a â€Å"$10 any way you want it(Morgan, 2010)† promotion. This shows their ability to at least acknowledge the market in that with a weaker economy customer want more the buck but in long term our ability to take time now to focus more on taste and excitement surrounding our company is a long term solution. Competing with price is fairly easy to implement but recipes take time and focus more on were a company want to go. Papa johns have also got caught up in this price war with pizza hut. Offering same price comparisons similar to what pizza hut offers. Frozen Pizza In comparing ourselves with the frozen food industry which I feel we should consider a competitor, I have noticed a market that is quickly being dominated by a company Nestles(PK) who I think could soon be considered a serious competitor. By recognizing this threat now we can jump ahead of our traditional competition by entering into the market. Nestles add such brands as DiGiorno, Tombstone and California pizza kitchen when they recently acquisitioned Kraft(KFT) . They now own more than 50% of the frozen pizza market.â€Å"this is more than there twice the share of their next major frozen pizza competitor Schans foods, maker of red baron, tony’s and freshmetta brands, who slightly hold less than 25% share of the category(Shea, 2010). † When analyzing and looking at the total sales generated in the 52 week ending august 9th, 2010 the brand digiorno generated sales of $591,262,700 and for the week ending may 17th,2009 generated $534,356,200. The following charts are referenced from (â€Å"Pizza sales 2009,† 2010) Top 10 Frozen Pizza Brands (for the 52 weeks ending August 9, 2010) DiGiorno| $591,262,700|. Tombstone| $270,412,700| Red Baron| $256,308,000| California Pizza Kitchen| $175,750,800| Totino’s Party Pizza| $152,630,700| Top 10 Brands of Frozen Pizza (for the 52 weeks ending May 17, 2009) Brand Name| Dollar Sales| Unit Sales| DiGiorno| $534,356,200| 100,464,200| Tombstone| $254,147,400| 69,809,980| Red Baron| $245,141,600| 62,940,960| California Pizza Kitchen| $175,838,600| 32,818,720| This shows that the frozen pizza industry is having a huge impact on our society today and they are demonstrating that they can achieve a significant growth of sales in a relatively short amount of time. Recommendations In researching out company and analyzing our success to date, and the current market conditions, I see a great opportunity for us to consider entry into the frozen pizza market and not only offer frozen but offer unfrozen daily made fresh pizza’s as well. This will allow the consumer to take our pizza home and get the oven freshness that we can offer without delivery as well. This not only will complement our ramped up recipe but will take less time to cook when a customer is not interested in delivery but rather take advantage of the convenience of cooking it themselves. Unfrozen pizza and made daily with fresh toppings will be a great advertising campaign as well. â€Å"the frozen pizza market continues to perform well as consumers continue to seek value and convenience and are trading down from delivery and restaurant pizza companies(Shea, 2010)† to include us and our competitors. For us to assume that this market doesn’t affect us may be a big mistake on our part. I have seen no reason why we couldn’t penetrate that market effectively, especially with our brand recognition. So far we have done a great job at anticipating the market the knowing when to make changes and adapt or market to make successful changes that keep us on top of the market. We obviously understand our ability to adapt to change and get into other markets rather easily. From hot wings to now hot oven sandwiches our implementations are rather efficient and are easily transitioned to our stores. I have explained that the market is very intense and failure for us to expand into other parts that affect our industry may be a big mistake. I also think that we can take advantage of reducing our prices as well. There is no reason why we cannot bundle our advertisement campaigns together and run them consecutively. Competing with pizza huts price not only may regain customers but also gives customer that otherwise shop for the cheapest delivery service a chance to taste our new pizza. With the time and effort we have put in the new taste of our pizza, I feel that we need to not only get the word out though commercials but through word of mouth as well being not only competitive with taste but price will be our another one of our tools to success. Citations. Facts. (2010). Retrieved from http://www. pizzaware. com/facts. htm http://www. dominosbiz. com/Biz-Public-EN/Site+Content/Secondary/About+Dominos/Diversity/ Inside domino’s. (2008). Retrieved from http://www. dominospizza. co. nz/corporate/inside/visionmission. aspx Our Heritage. (2008). Retrieved from http://www. dominos. com/Public-EN/Site%2BContent/Secondary/Inside%2BDominos/Ou r%2BHeritage/ W dot-com bubble. (2010). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved (2010, May 31) from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble Reuters, T. (2010). Domino’s pizza inc. marketwatch, Retrieved from http://www. marketwatch. com/investing/stock/dpz/profile S&p focus stock of the week. (2009). S&P The Outlook, Retrieved from http://www. spoutlookonline. com/NASApp/NetAdvantage/FocusStockOfTheWeek. do? &context=Company&docId=15485805 Domino’s pizza announces first quarter 2010 financial results. (2010, may 04). Retrieved from http://finance. yahoo. com/news/Dominos-Pizza-Announces-First-prnews-3155025210. html? x=0&. v=1 burkitt, l. (2009, Dec 22). Domino’s launches massive $75 million ad blitz. Forbes.com, Retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/2009/12/21/dominos-pizza-recipe-ad-campaign-cmo-network-dominos. html Veenendaal , P, & York, e. (2010). After Tumultuous year, new domino. Advertising Age, Retrieved from http://adage. com/article? article_id=141334 Bamford, Charles, West, Page, & Reviews, Cram101. (2009). Outlines & highlights for strategic management. Academic Internet Pub Inc. Morgan, s. (2010, April 12). The Pizza portfolio. Smartmoney, Retrieved from http://www. smartmoney. com/investing/stocks/the-pizza-portfolio/? cid=1186 Shea, R.(2010, April 12). Nestle: the new 800 pound gorilla in frozen foods. Seeking Alpha, Retrieved from http://seekingalpha. com/article/207736-nestle-the-new-800-pound-gorilla-in-fr ozen-foods Pizza sales 2009. (2010, Feb 18). Retrieved from https://www. aibonline. org/resources/statistics/2009pizza. htm Domino’s pizza extends its menu. (2008, 2009 09). Retrieved from http://www. franchisekey. com/us/franchise-news/Domino-s-Pizza-extends-its-menu-. htm. Bloomburg business week. (2010, may 31). domino’s pizza inc 10-k , Retrieved from http://investing. businessweek.com/research/stocks/financials/secfilings. asp? ticker=DPZ:US United states securities and exchange commission washington, d. c. 20549 form 10-k. (2010). [Commission File Number 001-32242]. (web), Retrieved from http://investing. businessweek. com/research/stocks/financials/drawFiling. asp? docKey=136-000119312510045334-2CPIO5V2KAG3763AONFHFPD3VN&docFormat=HTM&formType=10-K Domino’s pizza revenue up 18. 4 per cent. (2010, may 06). New Statesman, Retrieved from http://www. newstatesman. com/business-food-and-drink/2010/05/quarter-store-international.

“Malgudi Days” by R.K. Narayan Essay

In Malgudi Days, although R.K. Narayan seems to present us with a bleak portrayal of India where life is very hard and there is very little human happiness, he means to reflect the triumph of the human spirit over the cruel circumstances of life. In India, poverty and the lack of education are prejudiced against and people are discriminated against because they are poor. In ‘A Willing Slave’, Ayah is discriminated against and treated badly merely because she is an uneducated servant. When she comes back late for the first time after her visit home, her employers imagine the worst, thinking ‘she has perhaps been run over by a car and killed’, ‘she must have taken it in her head to give herself a holiday. No one is indispensable. I will dismiss her for this.’ Although Ayah has contributed much to the family, no one but Radha appreciates it. The same goes for Sidda in ‘Leela’s Friend’, who is immediately assumed to be a thief si mply because he was an ex-convict. However, the characters are not totally unhappy. Both Ayah and Sidda have a close, loving relationship with their charges, Radha and Leela, who seem to cling on to them more than they do to their parents. The children are free from prejudice and appreciate the true value of their servants. It is also untrue that the vicious cycle of poverty condemns a person to a life of unhappiness. In the story ‘The Martyr’s Corner’, the lack of education does not mean a poor and unhappy life for Rama, who was said to be ‘earning more money than graduates’. At times, external circumstances overturn previously happy lives and characters are not in control of their destiny. In ‘The Axe’, the appearance of the developers literally tear down Velan’s happy existence and forces him to leave the house. In ‘The Martyr’s Corner’, Rama is forced to become a waiter when his life starts on a downward spiral after his ‘old spotâ€⠄¢ was taken up by a statue of a dead political leader. Yet, while the characters are not in control of external factors, they still have control over their inner lives. Rama lives with and adapts to his new environment and still retains his usual, placid manner. People also seem to be manipulated and exploited by other people. In ‘Selvi’, Mohan uses Selvi as an emotionless mannequin, even to the point where he gives her a ‘script’ to follow, all for money and his personal fame. However, Selvi’s emotional and spiritual self does not seem to be affected. She was ‘rapt in some secret melody or world of her own’ and even though Mohan controls her body, he is unable to control her mind. She  also eventually rebels and goes back to live in her old home. In ‘A Willing Slave’, Ayah seems to have been exploited by her employers. Her ‘self-imposed tasks’ go unappreciated and even when her husband takes her away, he feels ‘proud of his slave’. However, Ayah seems spiritually happy at being used, she seems to need feeling needed and is as happy serving others as they are exploiting her. It is her happiness that matters in the end. There seems to be little human happiness presented in Malgudi Days. Love causes hurt and pain, people are torn apart by conflicting circumstances. Mixed blessings give cause for lament when people cannot enjoy their rewards. In ‘Forty-Five A Month’, Venkat Rao cannot spend more time with his family as he seems to have been purchased outright for forty-five rupees. However, as we look behind his reasons for slaving at his job, we find that he swallows insults at work so that his family can swallow food. His love for his daughter is great and it gives rise to his motivation at work. In ‘A Shadow’, Sambu misses his father immensely as he loves him a lot. However, the very existence of Love is a great triumph for the human spirit. Therefore, though there may be hardship and s uffering, in the end we see that the human spirit has the ultimate victory.

On-Site Daycare for Students Children Research Paper

On-Site Daycare for Students Children - Research Paper Example TO: [Insert Name of School] FROM: [Insert Name] DATE: November 27, 2011 SUBJECT: On-site Daycare for Students Children Background Information According to Chigona and Chetty (2008), the issue of teenage pregnancy is becoming a barrier to the education of young women, especially when the support is insufficient or absent. The authors argue that these girls undergo misunderstanding as well as pressure rather than receiving the support they need. It thus becomes hard for the teenage mothers to go on with their studies. Chigona and Chetty (2008) argue that if support is provided for the students’ mothers, they will continue and complete their final examinations. The issue of students’ mothers is global because the study by Chigona and Chetty was done in South Africa thereby showing that the issue is not only in America but also in other continents. On the other hand, Manson and Goulden (2008) claim that the rate of women drop out from Phd programs is increasing as compared to men. The two authors reveal how difficult it is for a woman to read and succeed in studies while looking after a child. Healy (2011) shows how students can benefit from on-site day cares to go on with their studies and care for their children. Healy (2011) expounds on a daycare center located in the school compound of Morton East High School. The student parents are able to study and look after their children. The center is set up in the first-floor of the classrooms block. According to Healy (2011), the daycare has helped the students complete their studies successfully. Additionally, the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (2010) conducted a research to examine the importance of assisting teenage mothers to acquire college education. According to their research, the Corio Bay Senior College (CBSC) is one of the schools, which are encouraging young as well as expecting parents to go on with their education. The college achieves this by offering flexible optio ns that support their schedules. The school has a program for the young parents, which objects to provide intensive case management as well as on-site child care. The thought of coming up with the care program according to the author was because of the complex problems experienced by students’ mothers (Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, 2010). Problem Many teenagers are becoming mothers early and at the same time desire to go to colleges. The issue of taking of a child and attending college is hard thereby calling for support of these mothers’ parents. The students with children have problems commuting to school because they have to organize issues concerning daycare before getting to school, especially those living many kilometers away. The students are stressed even when in class because their kids are under the care of strangers who are far from their reach and so they cannot check on the children often as they ought to. This makes them anxious and cannot concentrate in class and end up underperforming. Similarly, the students waste much money traveling when they have free time to check on the children at home or other far day cares. Further, institutions have been underperforming because of lack of sufficient funds to run their business. With the implementation of the on-site day care project, the learning institutes will have some additional income to handle pressing issues. Proposal and

Managing strategic change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing strategic change - Essay Example In 2003 the system of tax credits for children and for adults was overhauled and extended, such that the meaning of means-testing has been substantially changed. The NHS Plan, published in 2000, finally produced a major cash injection for the service, the results of which did not begin to be felt until the end of 2001. Only after acting to redraw the work-welfare relationship to embody the ideas of opportunity and responsibility via the new instruments of the New Deals and tax credits did New Labour begin to justify vastly increased expenditure on health and education as necessary investments in human capital. It is also crucial to note that Labour Party leaders expressed caution about how much the state could actually do to achieve these ideas at the heart of its policy goals. In a speech on 'modernising central government' in 1998, Tony Blair said: 'Big government is dead. The days of tax and spend are gone. (www.new.bbc.co.uk) When people come together in groups, communities, cities or nations, levels of confusion and anxiety rise. Attempts are made to manage this anxiety by creating structure, rules and legislation. Organizations can be viewed as mini societies in which changes are driven or resisted in accordance with the beliefs that are deeply held by the members of that society. The beliefs may not be articulated explicitly. They may be conveyed symbolically, through such things as stories, myths, rituals and ceremonies. (Klein, 2003) Force field analysis was developed by Kurt Lewin. Force field analysis enables managers to identify the forces that are likely to restrain a particular change. Force field analysis is sometimes used with groups in order to structure an open discussion about what is blocking a change. Having identified the potential sources and levels of resistance, Lewin suggested that managers should act so as to reduce the restraining forces, rather than to intensify the forces driving the change. Lewin, like Newton, argued that to every action there was an equal and opposite reaction. Increasing the forces for change increases the forces resisting it. Overcoming resistance was characterized by Russell-Jones as a movement from defiance, through compliance to alliance. Central to the effectiveness of any approach to man-aging resistance is the quality of the relationships that managers develop with people in the organization. We look at conversational approaches to developing closer relationships wi th people. (Johnson & Scholes, 1999) Practical Force field analysis. Unfreeze current attitudes According to BBC report Mr Nicholson, who has worked in the NHS for 29 years, said some of the changes would be aimed at reducing the NHS deficit, which topped '500 million. But he added it was also about improving services by providing the best care in fewer centres, although he acknowledged this would mean patients travelling further for treatment. Undoubtedly there will be tough decisions to make over the next 12 months to reflect changing services. (www.new.bbc.co.uk) Move to a new level According to BBC report the NHS chief executive further said that there would be up to 60 reviews of hospitals in England. He said the changes could affect every region, and may lead to emergency, maternity and

Change Management and Management Styles Assignment

Change Management and Management Styles - Assignment Example In terms of ethics in research and ensuring that information is accurately conveyed within the publication process, this is an essential aspect of ensuring that all individuals involved feel as if the process has spoken directly to the needs of each and every stakeholder; not necessarily a given group to any larger extent as compared to another. Researchers, scholars, and authors have long understood that the guidelines and procedures with respect to the way in which information is represented allow stakeholders to approach such information from a variety of different standpoints. In such a way, the mechanisms through which understanding can be provided are multiplied; allowing a situation in which an approach to the research or an understanding of available information can be determined from an alternative point of view - perhaps even one that the authors or researcher did not initially intent. Not only does this help with the creation of further bodies of knowledge, it also ensures that ethical standards are met and that stakeholders from varying positions are able to utilize the available information and draw inference upon it. Likewise, in terms of assisting overall credibility, it is without question that the process of ethical consideration and the impact of the way in which information is viewed, and by whom, greatly maximizes the overall level of credibility that any particular publication or scholarship might otherwise achieved. For instance, with respect to the process of writing a university paper, something that is nothing more than practice for the way in which information is revealed and produced in the professional world, the student must be continually aware of the way in which information is represented and the potential for discriminatory bias or other harmful miscomprehensions being present within the publication. Just as college professors are

Russian Labour Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Russian Labour Movement - Essay Example In the Russia political organizations had as yet no 'genuine pressure' on the labour force and trade unions existed only in nascent structures. "The soviets were the command of a purpose necessitates for a union which has authority without having conventions, and which can instantly hug hundreds of thousands of labours. A union, besides, which can coalesce all the futuristic partialities inside the employees, which haves both preparations and self-disciplines, and, which is the most important thing, can be termed into being in 24 hours."... [But] "Groups were organizations in the proletariat, the Soviets was the organization of the working class" (1909, p. 82-228). Essentially, and undoubtedly, the 1905 Revolution was a bourgeois uprising, propped up by the noninterventionist middle class to rupture Czarist absolutism and to move on Russia by way of a Constituent Assembly headed for the circumstances that continued living in the more industrialized capitalistic states (Dresden 1909, p. 82-228). In no more as the most important workers thought in political settings, they mainly distributed the agenda of the moderate bourgeoisie proletariats. And so did the entire current socialist organizations which established the need of a bourgeois uprising as a prerequisite for the structure of a powerful labour movement and a forthcoming proletarian revolt under more highly developed conditions in Russia. The soviet formation of the Russian Revolution moved out with the disturbing of the revolution in 1905, only to come back in larger movement in the Revolution of 1917. It was these soviet movements which encouraged the development of similar precipitate organizations in the 1918 German Revolution1, in addition, to a certain extent, the social upheavals in England, France, Italy, and as well as Hungary. With the council system a form of organization cropped up which could direct and systematize the self-actions of very large masses for either restricted ends or for revolutionary objectives, and which could do so independently of, against, or alongside, existing labour organizations. The best part of every one, the raise of the council system confirmed that impulsive actions need not dissolve in amorphous mass-exertions but could matter into organizational constitutions of a too much 'interim nature'. The Russian Revolution of 1905 rejuvenated left-wing resistances in the socialist groups of the Westerns, but so far more regarding the impulsiveness of its group strikes than the organizational shape these events assumed. But the reformist 'magic charm' was not working any more; revolution was seen as a genuine possibility once again. However, in the West it would not be a bourgeois self-ruled but a pure proletarian revolution. But be that as it may, the constructive approach toward the Russian incident was not as yet changed into a refusal of the parliamentary processes of the reformist groups of the Second International. The 1917 Russian Revolution was the outcome of impulsive movements in remonstration to more and more excruciating circumstances throughout the disastrous war. Strikes and protests rocketed into a broad revolution which established the maintenance of some armed units and caused the fall down of the Czarist administration. The revolution was supported by a wide

Cultural Event Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Cultural Event Report - Essay Example These works include a lot of paintings, photography, media arts, sculpture and design. The collections and works in the museum therefore serve the international community. When I arrived at the museum I saw different cadre of people from all walks of life either entering, leaving or in the museum. This attracted my attention and I got interested as to why all these people came to this place. I knew there must have been something very unique. When I arrived at the museum, it was appealing enough. The buildings are lovely and the architects are very touching. I felt as if I should stay there for the rest of my life. When I was entering I realized that it was not necessary that I follow a particular route. I saw everyone else following their self made routes. This enabled me to go the direction which I admired. The freedom that was there was just amazing. The oceanic galleries were dramatic and marvelous (Kino, 2010). The department of Media arts at San Francisco develops exhibition programs as well as educational events (Littlejohn, 2010). The events relate to video, performance art related to media arts and films. This department is composed of diversified modern art production technologies. This department consists of videos, digital film experiments and web projects. The museum has archives which are used as a conservation and research centre. Modern paintings, paper works, analogue and digital objects. It provides security to these objects and is also used by various professionals as a laboratory for carrying out research. The research library is composed of exhibition catalogues, monographs, serials titles and general art resources. Other things in the archives are a collection of artists’ books such as Margery Mann and Tillim (Kino, 2010). In general this department is composed of all the historical things and objects. After a visit to the museum I can say that it was a good experience to me. It provided me with positive

Data Collection Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Data Collection Plan - Assignment Example Tied to this are problems with regard to effective teaching methods, and strategies to support Arabic learning. The basic methodology entails a comparison of my own teaching strategies and styles for my Arabic language class and those of another teacher in another class. The end goal is partly to be able to understand what motivates students to learn Arabic, the psychology that drives them to pursue Arabic language learning intently. The basic question I want to answer is as follows: What strategies are best for teaching Arabic to my students, and how do my strategies align with the motivations of my students to learn the language to advance themselves? To the question of the useful types of data, my answer is that data from my own classes, and the comparison with the data from the other class I have chosen, including learning outcomes and motivations as gathered from the students, ought to provide me with the right kind of information to answer the pressing questions of my research. To the question of the types of data already available, my answer is that data from previous studies, extensively tabulated, are already available to me, in the form of secondary research materials. To the question of the types of data I need to generate, the answer will be data on learning outcomes and similar data as from previous studies. ... n Qualitative Inputs Effectiveness of strategies for learning Arabic x x x x Student Motivations for Learning Arabic x x x x Areas for Improvement in Teaching and Learning Styles X x x x Fit of Teaching Strategies to Student Aspirations and Motivations for Learning Arabic x x x x III. Narrative Connecting Matrix to Starting Point My matrix details the fundamental aims of my action research, and those aims are noteworthy as far as I am concerned for their being open-ended and lending themselves to being answered in a broad sense. I think there ought to be a strong link between the teaching strategies and the motivations and inclinations of students for learning the Arabic language. Taking off from the interesting answer that I got from a student, where the student sees Arabic as a road to material prosperity, it is clear to me that some of the strategies ought to focus on being able to give the students a functional understanding and mastery of the Arabic language. This functional app roach lends itself to being measured via the learning outcomes of the students, and the learning outcomes of the students in the other class. The comparison ought to yield interesting insights into what works and what does not work as far as teaching styles is concerned. Also, as far as learning outcomes are concerned, it is not enough that the students pass the tests to measure learning, but that the tests should be measuring the right kinds of language competencies. In this regard, it is important that my class and the other class should agree on some baseline language course contents that should be similar for both classes. Both should focus on functional learning, and the teaching of Arabic that has real-world applications, such as in being able to transact business and being able to

Aircraft Crash Survival Analysis and Design Essay Example for Free

Aircraft Crash Survival Analysis and Design Essay 1. Describe the effect plowing can have on crash forces when the impact surface is soft soil. Earth gouging and scooping of soil occur when the structure makes initial contact with the ground which minimize the acceleration and force levels to which the structure is subjected. Soft soil can cause plowing and rapid deceleration if there is a large horizontal velocity component. A high-speed longitudinal impact into water can also cause high loads from water plowing as water enters through lower nose transparencies. Reducing the earth scooping effects encountered in longitudinal impacts should include a large, relatively flat surface thereby increasing the aircrafts tendency to slide over the impact terrain and by minimizing inward buckling of the fuselage nose or engine nacelle to maintain skid surface integrity. 2. Explain the term submarining in respect to the use of lap belt restraints. What human injuries may result? This is where the lap belt rides over the pelvic brim and compresses the soft tissues of the abdomen resulting in serious abdominal and spinal injuries. Submarining occurs due to the pelvis rotating under the lap belt, usually due to inappropriate location of the lap belt anchors or due to poor design of the seat bottom or a combination of both. Lap belt only restraints so commonly inflicted serious injuries on users in automobile crashes that the medical community coined a new term, â€Å"the seat belt syndrome†, to describe  the constellation of injuries caused by submarining under the lap belt. ftp://ftp.rta.nato.int/pubfulltext/RTO/EN/RTO-EN-HFM-113/EN-HFM-113-06.pdf 3. Discuss forward and rearward facing passenger seats and explain which you feel may be an advantage in crash survivability. The rearward-facing seat is optimal for providing maximum support and contact area in longitudinal impacts. The only critical impact sequence for the rearward-facing seat is one that involves a severe lateral component that allows sideward movement of the occupant prior to application of the longitudinal or vertical Pulse. However, lateral torso movement can be minimized by use of a torso restraint system of much lighter weight than that required for other seat orientations. The rearward-facing cabin seat is preferred. 4. Explain the concept and intention of Delethalization of Cockpit and Cabin Interiors. The delethalization of cockpit and cabin interiors is the design and set up of aircraft cockpits and cabins to prevent injury on impact. This is done by ensuring the occupants immediate environment be designed so that when the body parts do flail and contact rigid or semi-rigid structures, injury potential is minimized. This can be done in different manners. First is to relocate the hazardous structure or object out of the occupants reach or the hazard might be reduced by mounting the offending structure on frangible or energy-absorbing supports and applying a padding material to distribute the contact force over a larger area on the body member. The aircraft interior has occupant strike envelopes, meaning that there are hazards that are more conducive to occupant injury than others. Overall the intent is to protect the head and torso first to prevent debilitating injuries or death and then protecting the lower body parts to ensure the area hazards are clear of tripping hazards or anything that could prevent rapid escape. Typical contact hazards in the cockpit area include window and door frames, consoles, controls and control columns, seat backs,  electrical junction boxes, glare shields, and instrument panels. Contact hazards commonly found in aircraft cabin areas include window and door frames, seats, and fuselage structure. Use of suitable energy absorbing padding materials, frangible breakaway panels, smooth contoured surfaces, or ductile materials in the typical hazard areas mentioned is recommended to reduce the injury potential of occupied areas. The use of protective helmets is also recommended in certain types of aircraft. 5. Explain the expected advantage frangible fuel system attachments can provide as an aircraft post-crash survival technique. Frangible Attachment- An attachment possessing a part that is designed to fail at a predetermined location and/or load. Frangible structures or frangible bolts should be used at all attachment points between fuel tanks and aircraft structure to prevent fuel tank components from being torn out of the tank wall during impact. Frangible attachments should be used at other points in the flammable fluid systems where aircraft structural deformation could lead to flammable fluid leakage. This increases the survivability by containing any remaining fuel to the tank its encapsulated within and reducing the chance of a fire being spread throughout a crash site or into the cabin. 6. What are some of the key concerns when selecting aircraft interior materials form a crash survivability perspective? All aircraft interior materials such as seat fabrics and cushions, interior wall insulations, and nonmetallic structural components must be flame resistant and produce the least amount of smoke and toxic gases possible. 7. Describe some of the key points of post-crash design criteria associated with oil and hydraulic systems. Oil and hydraulic fluids are easily ignited and can serve as ready ignition sources for fuel meaning fluid spillage should be prevented. Oil tanks and  hydraulic reservoirs should not be located where spilled or sprayed fluid can readily be ingested into the engine or ignited by the engine exhaust. Oil tanks and hydraulic reservoirs should not be located near the bottom of the fuselage, in or above engine compartments, in electrical compartments, in occupiable areas under, in front of, or at the side of heavy masses, such as engines and transmissions, nor above landing gears Oil and hydraulic lines should consist of flexible hoses with steel-braided outer sheaths and for high-temperature; coiled metal tubing should be used. Lines should not be routed, near the bottom of the fuselage, over landing gears, under, in front of, or at the sides of heavy masses, such as engines and transmissions, in the leading edges of wings, in areas of anticipated rotor blade impact, in any area where flammable fluids could be spilled or sprayed onto hot surfaces or ingested into the engine or above electrical wiring 8. Considering aircraft electrical system post-crash survivability design, what are the guidelines concerning routing electrical wires in the vicinity of flammable fluid lines? Wiring is a prime ignition source for leaking oil, fuel or hydraulic fluid leaks or vapors. To aid in crash survivability wires should be routed above or away from flammable fluid lines and they should never be closely spaced between outer skin and fuel lines. Wires must not be routed near flammable fluid tanks unless the wires are shrouded to prevent arcing. Wires should not be routed near the bottom of the fuselage, over landing gears or in the leading edges of wings. 9. What G forces are experienced if an aircraft impacts the ground at a speed of 120 MPH and skids along the ground 50 feet before coming to rest? 9.8 G’s. 120^2/50 = 14400/50=288288x.034=9.79 10. Explain why you believe passenger airlines do not have to utilize passenger shoulder harnesses as a crash survival precaution. The passenger shoulder harness is not used for crash survival because: *  The cost of the harnesses for one would be huge to retrofit all the airliners in the fleet today and that cost would be put onto the customer. * The need for various sizes; very small through very large would result in further cost. * Comfort, if people are not comfortable then they will not have a good flying experience while others may have a fear or feeling that they are trapped. * The ability to understand how to use the shoulder harness. Most cannot figure out how to wear the harness which would delay taxiing and flight times. The required ability to quickly restrap in bad weather or to unstrap in an egress situation could be deadly. * Americans don’t like to be told what they have to do†¦.they are the paying customer.

Personal Goals Essay Example for Free

Personal Goals Essay My goal in life is to become a neonatal nurse practioner; this not only accomplishes my long-term professional goal but a long-term personal goal as well; I want to provide for my family, and set an example for my children. To teach them that if they work hard and never give up they can accomplish anything. My professional short term goal is to be able to stop my two in the morning paper route and become employed by the local children’s hospital; giving back to a wonderful profession that helped me when my two littlest were in the NICU. My personal short term goal is to pass my courses as they come here at University of Phoenix, and gain the necessary knowledge to become the best nurse and mother I can possibly be. The skills I need to accomplish these are good time management, attention to detail, compassion, and persistence. I hope to be able to pass these qualities on to my children, but also use them in my professional life as well. To accomplish these goals there are a lot of milestones to achieve along the way. First I had to receive my ADN-RN degree; this was something I did not know if I could accomplish. With the loving support, understanding and help from my family I graduated and made the Dean’s list, all while pregnant, working a full time job and taking care of 4 other children. Next milestone, after six years, was deciding to back to school to obtain my BSN, this too will be an uphill climb but I will accomplish it. It took me forever to get all the paper work in order, get the financial aid needed, get my transcripts from my other university, but through it all I was helped by the wonderful staff here at University of Phoenix. After all that are my Masters degree and my NNP license my final milestones as my professional goals are concerned but just the beginning of the rest of my career. Along the way my personal milestones will be to get into a house that I do not rent, watch my children go off to college themselves and enjoy the peace and quiet of an empty house. By doing these things, taking one step at a time and enjoying he moments I will be gaining the necessary skills to not only be a great nurse but a great teacher to my children; good study habits, time management, determination, and will to accomplish the goal at hand will be needed in both my profession and as a mom. According to Anonymous 2002, â€Å"nearly 40,000 low-birth-weight babies are born each year in the United States, there will continue to be a market for neonatal nurses. † This saddens me to think of all the babies in the NICU, but also reassures me that I will always have opportunity to be employed and able to take care of m y family. Salaries vary by region but may start â€Å"in the upper $30’s to $40’s† (Anonymous 2002). This financial security will allow me to not only support my family, get a house of my own, but also continue my education with minimal stress. Putting in my due diligence not only academically but personally helps alleviate doing everything last minute. By setting aside a few hours a day for rigorous studies allows me to budget the rest of my time accordingly between my children, me and research to improve my career. I recommend a planner or calendar of some sort to keep you accountable for how your day is spent. Remember the dishes will be there, the laundry will eventually get folded, the paper will get written but time with your family can never be replaced, so make sure to schedule that time as well. It helps sometimes to step back regroup and get a perspective of why you are doing this and relax. According to Harvey and Leslie (2006) â€Å"†¦senior neonatal nurses can do much to develop an evidence and research culture on units and to guide program development. † This milestone is also a great goal of mine, to be able to make a difference in neonatal evidence based practice. To apply my knowledge, do research, better a prognosis and pass it on to the next generation of nurses. This should be a goal of every nurse to improve the medical field while being advocates for our patients. By building good time management skills now while I am still in school will help me prepare to continue doing so in my professional and personal life. In Harvey and Leslie (2006) it also states, â€Å"by developing a substantial community of people embedded in clinical settings and universities who can address these diverse issues surrounding research leadership, neonatal nursing will move to a new era of evidence based practice. In conclusion, I want to make a difference this is my short and long term professional and personal goal. To help my fellow student succeed in their endeavors when possible, but to also see my own children grow, prosper and head out into the world themselves. Cappleman (2004) describes â€Å"the process of initiating, maintaining, and eventually terminating the professional-family relationships. † I want the families to be comfortable talking with health care professionals as people not just doctors and nurses; to ask questions, learn how to care for their infants on their own. Cappleman (2004) witnessed â€Å"teaching mothers how to interpret their infants’ behavior, and helping them to acquire skills in caring for them, are therefore essential nursing activities. † I recommend becoming more than just a nurse to our patients; become a confidant, friend, mentor, shoulder to cry on giving them the necessary tools to eventually take care of themselves, but also making them feel comfortable in asking questions and talking to us when necessary. By breaking down these barriers we not only care for the medical needs but emotional and psychological as well. When we allow ourselves to become in tune with our patients by sharing of ourselves, our fears it shows that we are people too. This allows us to be more caring and sincere in our personal lives to show compassion and understanding for those around us. Although there is no formal training, time management issues, obstacles and milestones I have accomplished with difficulty, and more to come, my goal remains to become a neonatal nurse practioner, be an example to my children and make a difference in the world.

Internet Technology: The End Of Printed Newspaper

Internet Technology: The End Of Printed Newspaper Competition between print and online News and Information Media. According to research the growing usage of internet technology has intensified competitions and now publishers are facing more threats from online marketing leading to decline in readership of printed newspaper. Printed newspaper is finding it hard to attract young readers to replace the old ones amounting to drop in revenue on intermedia advertising market.(Richard van der wurff,2005.Gazette Vol No .1, pg 107) The internet exacerbates these threats by enabling the entry of new competitors With new online products on the internet news market. Publishers are now faced with increasing competition from foreign newspapers and other media organisation; some of these competitions offers online news for free and also use internet technology to create electronic markets and job sites that compete with the printed newspaper in the classified and job advertising markets. Printed newspaper therefore facing threats from their core business and the sales of news and sales of access to audience. .(Richard van der wurff,2005.Gazette Vol No .1., pg 107) At the same time internet technology empowers newspaper publisher to innovate their product and to target new audience by using the internet as a marketing channel to reach young potential customers, who do not read the printed newspaper, publisher can also use the internet to serve foreign customers with online electronic editions of the news that before was expensive ,they can also use the internet to strengthen relationship with existing readers by offering new services like breaking news and classified ad sites collecting readers information establishing a two way communication with readers. According to van der wurff in his contribution in the Gazette he suggested that publishers Make better use of these opportunities when they face stronger competition from online competitors. Provided they have the financial means to do so. At the beginning of the 21st century few print media has delved into online market creating their own brand like the economy and financial magazine the agriculture magazine can access online but still keep the valuable part to prints subscribers. Print newspaper publishers are now facing problems from ISPs and other information providers.(Richard van der wurff,2005.Gazette Vol No. 1, pg 108) The mediatisation of the net and internetization of Traditional Media Newspaper publishers are now required to change their business model as gate keepers of information and embrace the media logic of interractiveness, personalization, immediacy and multimedia. Their new role would be to facilitate communications between readers and between readers and journalists. Readers rather than journalists would decide what news readers would receive, and readers would become important originators of content, too. Online editions would make this content available in real-time, and text would be sexed up with moving images and sound.(Richard van der wurff,2005.Gazette Vol No. 1, pg 108) Other contribution by oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢sullivan observes that traditional media including newspaper publisher, dominate the online news environment in his case in Ireland. Traditional media have the largest supply of online news, and in addition syndicate their content to other online providers. He also shows that websites of newspaper publishers in Ireland tend to look like transmission sites. They offer little interactivity and multimedia, and mainly provide the same news as their printed counterparts. This does not imply that editors do not see that internet, in principle, offers them opportunities to improve the print format, and to provide greater depth and diversity. Yet, online editors operate in the same political-economic environment and face at least the same problems and time constraint as their printed counterparts. It is therefore as difficult for them as for editors of printed newspapers to give minority views an equal voice. The standard in online journalism is threa tened by publishers who attempt to reduce costs by employing inexperienced journalist on low pay, and by tight deadlines. According to editors, maintain high journalistic skills is imperative-but costs money, as does offering interactivity and communication between journalists and readers.oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢sullivan concludes that online news, when distributed for free, cannot escape the norms of broadcasting media. In Search for Newspaper Role Online The combined developments of the mediatisation of the internet and the internetization of traditional media do not resolve the competitive challenge that news publishers face. Increasing competition between old and new news media forces newspaper publishers to find an appropriate position or niche for online newspapers in the newspaper market, next to other news media and in particular next to printed newspapers. The publisher needs to differentiate their online news from the printed newspaper to prevent market cannibalization. Differentiation can be realized by emphasizing internet-specific features (e.g. interactivity), by offering different content (e.g. local community information), or both. Differentiaition, however, brings additional cost for publishers. Has argued by oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢sullivan. Salaverria suggested whether and how newspapers have informative and critical role to play in emergency situations. He analysis how Spanish international online newspapers reported in real-time on events of the 11 September 2001.he argued that the internet has become a global information medium on its own. A multitude of people used the net directly after the event to be informed. This create technical problems(congestions, long download times), which suggests that the internet has not yet reached maturity as a technological medium. Publisher addressed the issue by trimming down the home page size. Another problem was to that the pressure to keep up with the events led online newspapers to make mistakes. More troublesome is that newspapers did not formally rectify their mistakes, but simply removed the wrong statement from the web. The debate still continues over where news rooms need to take their content. Online content has been offered free in most cases to readers for years. Will online readers be willing to pay for content in the future? For decades, there was never any doubt that printing had a future-the printing industry became the synonym for a sector with uninterrupted growth. Paper consumption and press output was the yardstick of wealth, civilization and economic power. Today, the increasing trend towards digitization and computerization of the media, coupled with the explosion of the Internet, has prompted many players in the printing industry to wonder whether print still has a future. The answer is a resounding yes. However, great changes are afoot

November Rain :: English Literature Essays

November Rain I pass a shop display and view my reflection in the glass-a well built man of thirty with a tanned complexion, dark eyes and hair. I seem to have a certain charm and grace that can-and does-go down very well with the ladies. I open the door, pull out the chair, buy the drinks and surprise them with gifts. I stay at their flats after a night out; I leave my belongings there. You could say that I’m just a bachelor with a lust for living-if I wasn’t married. I’ve been married ten years and it feels like 40. It was great at first-nights out in clubs, at parties, flirting, teasing and loving each other, or at least touching each other. We had no children to hold us down and a whole world of fun to experience. Then, it stopped. I can’t remember when, where or how. What I know is that for ten years I’ve been bound to this woman and all the practices of such a colourful marriage have been tried and are jaded; the feelings no longer evident. She is abrupt with her answers and retorts for the most part and otherwise silent, so we both have seemed to have taken our own practices elsewhere, fallen into another person’s arms and experience the same feelings anew. I walk on by, get into my shining convertible (which is now speckled with signs of yet more rain) and speed away. I step into the hall of my home in Chicago, Illinois, and into the kitchen. Rain cascades down the windowpane, such has been the case for much of Novmber. There is a plate of spaghetti Bolognese waiting right on the counter for me. I heat it up, and take it to my study, letting the aroma waft right past my nose. Turning on the stereo, I settle back in my leather, over-cushioned armchair with a long, relaxed sigh. The stereo always starts on Classic Rock radio station. Hard rock, that’s what I love best. I open the Wall Street Journal, sub-consciously listening to the music in the background. Bliss. â€Å"Blackwater shares have†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Music in background): â€Å"When I look into your eyes, I can see a love restrained, but darlin’ when I hold you, don’t you know I feel the same†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I look up to see the source of this slightly familiar song: â€Å"November Rain† by Guns N’ Roses. â€Å"†¦both know hearts can change, and it’s hard to hold a candle in the cold November rain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

A Pair of Tickets Amy Tan Essay -- essays papers

A Pair of Tickets Amy Tan Amy Tan’s A Pair Of Tickets is a story concerning family and roots. June May, like the author herself, was a Chinese born in USA and grew up with an American background culture, whereas her mother grew up in China and then immigrated to America. Looking at the repeated words, we discussed that one there are many words such as mother, sister, father and Aiyi. Most of the characters in this story belong to one family, June May’s family. It suggests to us that the tale is about relations and where we stand in our family. Even Aiyi brings practically her whole family to see her brother and niece. This is also one of the stronger traits of the Chinese cultures where there are many family occasions. The Story also constantly talks of â€Å"blood.† In the western culture, blood, which is usually connected with red, symbolizes a sacrifice, death and also a bloodline. As we look at the previous repeated words, the â€Å"blood† means a lineage of family and relations. Blood also signifies your identity. In the story, May June, does not understand her Chinese blood identity at the beginning. She was embarrassed by her mother’s behavior. She did not realize what it meant when her mother said â€Å"Once you are born Chinese, you cannot help but feel and think Chinese†¦It is in your blood, waiting to be let go.† She admits that even though she is 36 years old, â€Å"I’ve never known what it means to be Chinese.† It is not until she goes to China and finally meets her half sisters that she understands what it is to be Chinese. â€Å"And now I see what part of me is Chinese. It is so obvious. It is my family. It is in our blood. After a ll these years, it can finally be let go.† Red color in the Chinese tradition is different fro... ...er Chinese culture and identity to Jing-mei. The title â€Å"A Pair of Tickets,† is the story of a father and daughter on a journey from one place, America, to another, China. The action from moving from America to China, also symbolizes the movement of Jing-mei’s recognition of her identity as she shifts from her American culture to her new Chinese Culture that was already in her blood. Not only is this journey a physical action, but also a spiritual journey. Through this spiritual journey, Jing-mei, clarifies her identity, the struggles of trying to accept her Chinese roots, and the misunderstandings she had of her mother. She gains respect towards her mother as she learns the battle her mother has fought to get to America. In the course of this journey, Jing-mei has learned to understand and respect her family. â€Å"After all these years, it can finally be let go.†

Emo Culture Essay

Like the social and fashion trends of eras long gone, emo is not simply about the way you dress – it is a lifestyle. It culminates in your clothing, shoes, hairstyle, attitude and – most importantly – musical selection. This section describes the emo lifestyle and attitudes. People do tend to adopt at least the attitudes of the music they listen to most even if they don’t admit it. This is because a lot of people are not able to separate themselves from the ideas that are expressed. Music is different from other art-forms in that it penetrates the soul in a way something visual cannot. People seem to like to group together for some reason, its in our nature, and â€Å"emo† is just another group or sub-culture. People â€Å"join† it because they might agree with some, most or all of what the group is generally about. Being â€Å"Emo† is just another way that people are trying to express themselves, really the same as other street styles, just with a different soundtrack. In the end, each of the people who have chosen to follow the scene is their own person- they are just part of a scene that is tipped as being defiant and unacceptable- something most young people are drawn to. [To the Top!] What are Emo’s like? Firstly, labeling someone as an emo based on their hair style is a poor way to interpret personal expression, just as calling someone a goth based on their preference for black clothing. Whether or not a person listens to emo music, writes emo poetry, or adopts an alternative lifestyle is a personal decision that does not automatically have anything to do with the colour or cut of their hair. Emo styles are unique, individual looks that say a lot about the persons style, but the emotions behind them may never be understood by anyone else. When referring to a person’s personality and attitude, most definitions of emo include a number of the following terms: sensitive, shy, quiet, sad, introverted, glum, self-pitying, mysterious and angst ridden. Depression and broken-heartedness are sometimes used to describe the emo personality. Emo’s feel society doesn’t accept them, they are outcasts and nobody understands them! This is generalising and it is important to note those into the emo / scene culture can obviously also be the opposite of the personality traits listed above as with anyone. At its core, emo is all about being upfront with your emotions. Hot Topic even issued a patch that read, â€Å"cheer up, emo kid!† These personality traits are often identified by his/her music and fashion (generalising here). For example the emo band Hawthorne Heights contains multiple references to unrequited love, emotional and relationship problems. Many of these traits are present in most teenagers and not just emos! The courting of misery and death is a long-established teenage tradition. When death is a long way off, you can afford to be more morbid about it. In particular, Goths and Emos are a rebellion against sporty, manly cultures. Frailness, which conveys a sense of vulnerability has been associated with the male emo’s in particular, but from what I know this isn’t particularly valid. Finally touching on the term â€Å"scene† that has become popular since the emo subculture kicked off. Scene kids I believe are more about the style and looking like an emo without the personality of it all. In other words, scene kids are the ones that dress emo, but only because it’s a trend or you could say Scene is Emo without the emotion. The term is subject to significant debate like emo though.

Solow Growth Model

Solow model – how well it holds in the real world? Prepared by:- Amol Rattan (75013) Introduction Prior to Solow Model, Harrod Domar model had shown how the savings rate could play a crucial role in determining the Long run rate of Growth. Solow model however proved a result that was contrary to what Harrod Domar model had predicted. It showed that savings has only level effect on income and the growth rate of income depends upon the rate of efficiency or technical progress in the country. Solow Model relies on certain assumptions 1. There are constant returns to Scale(CRS) 2.The production function is standard neoclassical production function with diminishing returns to factor 3. The markets are perfectly competitive 4. Households save at a constant savings rate ‘s’ Equilibrium in Solow Model is defined as the steady state level of capital where the economy grows at a constant rate. By assuming that the two factors of production are capital and labour per efficie ncy unit, it can be shown that savings only affects the level of per capita income. It is only the rate of growth of efficiency which determines the rate of growth of per capita output.For production function: Y= K? L1-? Steady state values are: y†¢=[s/? +? +n]? /1-? k†¢ =[s/? +? +n]1/1-? Objective i) To find how true the result of convergence of Solow model holds for a sample of countries of the world ii) Test Solow model for India for the period 1990-2008 Methodology i) To find how true the result of convergence of Solow model holds for a sample of countries of the world †¢ To prove: Convergence result Solow model predicts that all nations with same parameter of savings rate, population growth rate and depreciation rate will all grow at the same rate in long run.This implies A) The rich countries (defined as those at high level of income) will grow at a lower rate B) The poor countries will grow at a faster rate These conditions mean that the poor countries are able to catch up with the rich countries in the long run. †¢ Test of convergence Regression We test the relation ln(rate of growth of y) = ? + ? ln(initial value of y) Conditions A and B imply that the coefficient ? should be negative Result: For a sample of 23 countries for period 1990-2008 we find: 1) the value of ? = -0. 377451859 ) I t is highly significant as the probability value(pvalue) is close to zero 3) The correlation of ln rate of growth of per capita income over the period with initial income is negative 4) % of data growth of rate of growth is explained by the initial level of income. It makes sense also as rate of growth depends not only on the initial level of income but other factors like education, R&D, etc Standard deviation We test how standard deviation of relative incomes (relative to US) of the countries changes over time. Convergence implies that income of countries become more and more equal.So we expect standard deviations to decrease over time. Result: St andard deviation falls over time for the sample of countries implying convergence Caveats The results that we get are consistent with the theoretical results. However most of the empirical work that has been done on Solow Model has shown the opposite result i. e. unconditional convergence is not seen to hold. The reason for this could the sampling error. We need to take a larger data set to test it again before accepting. ii) Test Solow model for India for the period 1990-2008Solow model gives us the steady state value of per capita income as y†¢=[s/? +? +n]? /1-? Taking log on both sides ln y†¢= (? /1-? )ln(s) – (? /1-? )ln(? +? +n) We estimate this equation for India for the period 1990-2008 A priori theory tells us that o The signs of ln s and ln (n+ ? +? ) should be opposite o The sign of ln s should be positive implying a positive impact of savings on level of per capita income o The sign of population growth increase in efficiency and depreciation should be ne gative as they lead to erosion of capital stock per capita.Result: 1. The signs are as per the expectations. Savings have indeed had a positive impact on the level of per capita income. The coefficient of saving is significant at 5 % level of significance 2. The sign of n +? +? is negative as expected. Though the value of the coefficient is very small. It is hard to believe that 1 % increase in population growth rate or depreciation rate or efficiency decreases per capita level of output by just 0. 3 %. Moreover, this term is not significant. 3.The reason could again be due to the fact that increase in expenditure on education has been taken a proxy for increasing efficiency. Perhaps growth rate of expenditure is not a good proxy and therefore we get such results. Conclusion Thus the two tests that we have taken prove some of the results of the Solow model but not all. Savings do have a positive effect on per capita level of income and convergence seems to exist for the set of count ries that we have taken. SOURCE 1. http://data. un. org/ 2. http://databank. worldbank. org/ 3. http://www. oecd. org/

Pomote Equality And Inclusion In Health And Social Care Essay

1.1 DIVERSITY- understanding that each individual is unique and recognizing individual differences. Diversity literally means difference. Diversity recognise that though people have things in common with each other they are also different and unique in many ways. Diversity is about recognising and valuing those differences. EQUALITY-to treat everyone the same treated equality. To ensure no one is being given special treatment to another person. To treat people in a way that is appropriate for their needs. INCLUSION- to ensure everyone is included. No one is left out or felt left out. All decision making to be all members. To ensure that all parties are felt included. 1.2 DISCRIMINATION- The prejudice treatment of an individual it involved behaviour towards people/groups based on their membership in a certain group or category- i.e. religion, sexuality, culture, age. see more:explain how legislation and codes of practice relating to equality diversity and discrimination Side effects :- Depression Anger Stress Isolation Suicide/self-harm Drinking Unable to perform duties Atmosphere Stress between colleagues Poor care 1.3 Working in an inclusive way helps support equality and diversity as it gives everyone a chance to show their individual differences but at the same time being equal. It’s important to do this so everyone feels included a sense of well-being that their opinion is valued. 2.1 Equality act 2006  (employment) religion or belief – it is unlawful to discriminate against people at work because of their religion or belief. Human rights act 1998 – covers many different types of discrimination some that are not covered by laws themselves Heath and social care act 2008—this act established the CQC who protect and promote the right of people using health and social care services they regulate the provision. Mental capacity act 2003—to protect anyone who has mental health condition. 3.3 Without a doubt I would challenge any kind of discrimination of a service user. I would ensure the service user is alright and speak to the person who is doing this. I would always have a 3rd party present for the safety of both parties. a written report to be made by both parties which would be given to the manger where further investigations would take place. Maybe handed over to H.R and developments happen from there i.e. suspensions, warnings, dismissal†¦.

My Most Valuable Possessions Essay

The world today is full of ways to keeps us busy, distracted, and stressed. We all have to find ways to manage these in our lives, often this happens because of special items in our lives that have a special importance to us. Maybe these items are very different from person to person. For me, my most valuable possessions are my family and friends, my health, and my self-confidence. Each one has a unique quality that helps me to manage the distractions and stresses that life presents to me. Have we ever sit down and ask ourselves theses questions: â€Å"Who are we?†, â€Å"Why do we come to this world?†, and â€Å"What is the most important in our lives?† All of these answers are varies according to our purpose of lives. In addition, if someone comes and asks me those questions, I will tell them my family and friends are so important to me because they are the closest people in my life. They know me better than anyone else and of course they will be there for me w hen I need them. Because of that, I make them the priority in all I do. It is easy for me to always choose my family before work or any other activities I am involved in. However, I also make time in my busy life to spend time with friends and family members. My family is the only family I have and I value them because they cannot be replaced. When I am dealing with work, school, and all the other distractions that stress my life, it is nice to escape with a group of friends and does something that is very productive such as go to eat, watch movie, or relax a little at a bar. My friends and family really help me reduce stress in life which helps me stay healthy. Then, I am very fortunate to have a good health and rarely get sick. My good health is valuable to me and I recognize the importance of living a healthy life. Being healthy, I know that I have the ability to achieve my goals, be successful, and earn the money that is needed to do everything else in life. Because of this, I strive to eat healthy foods and take a little time each day to exercise in order to keep my body and mind in shape as well as encourage people around me to do the same. Living a healthy lifestyle allows my body to easily handle working and other physical stresses that someone on an unhealthy path might struggle with. Next, my health and having a close group of friends and family has help to build my confidence. I know that I have the support and the physical ability to accomplish anything I want to do. Self-confidence is so valuable to me because someone with confidence can be a strong leader when needed and can deal with a difficult or stressful situation much easier. In addition, being confident with myself has made me stand out as better employee at work and a better student at school. In brief, life presents another challenge we have to overcome. With the right tools, it can be much easier to deal with these difficulties and stresses. My success is a result, in most part, because of my family and friends, my health, and my self-confidence. Because of these three items, I know I will have a great life, and that is why these are my most valuable possessions.

An alien species Essay Example for Free

An alien species Essay An alien species (also known as ‘exotic or nuisance species’) is the entry of any species into the ecology of which in the past it was not a part of. This species can travel to the new ecosystem from a neighboring ecosystem or from another part of the world. An alien species can cause damage or harm to animal, plant and human life thus completely disrupting the ecosystem. Two of the alien species that have seriously affected the other inhabitants of the ecosystem in the US and the other parts of North America include the Green crab and the zebra mussel. In the home ecosystem, an alien species may not be able to thrive well due to the presence of certain factors such as diseases, presence competitors, lack of space, natural enemies, etc. However in the new ecosystem, the alien species is able to thrive uncontrollable due to the absence or restrictive factors. In the past, many alien species have been introduced into various environments. Some have entered due to human factors, whereas other may have entered due to certain natural factors. Some species may have benefited the environment, which they are entered, whereas other may have seriously destroyed the native population. Invasion by alien species can have both, economic and environmental implications. The Zebra mussel is originally from the Caspian Sea and the Green crab is from Eastern Seaboard. These are classic examples of ‘Aquatic Nuisance Species’ (ANS) (ACS, 2007, MDNR, 2006 & NOAA, 2007). The Zebra mussels were identified in the Great Lakes and later spread to the other parts of North America via the major rivers and waterways. They may have spread into the US from ships that have traveled through the freshwaters of Europe. They compete for plankton in the waters and in this way seriously jeopardize the food chain. They also damage parts of boats and ships. The Green crabs had spread into the San Francisco Bay region and later through California and Oregon States. They have a strong appetite for food in their territories and in this way deprive other organisms of food. The native crabs of US have seriously suffered from the invasion of the Green crab into their home territory (ACS, 2007, MDNR, 2006 & NOAA, 2007). An alien species. (2017, Feb 19).

Disaster Response Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Disaster Response Plan - Research Paper Example The generic term used for risk management techniques is the disaster control plan or DCP. Out of these early attempts to help lessen the adverse effects of a disaster led to forming of the so-called incident command system (ICS). This system was originally used by cities as a fire-management tool because it was found to be effective. This effectiveness was based on a proven organizational structure that used descriptive terminology that is both comprehensive and powerful but still easy to understand by most people (Woodworth, 2010, p. 1). However, the ICS was expanded and integrated into the national incident management system (NIMS). Although more comprehensive, the NIMS is still largely centered on operationalizing of ICS at the time a disaster strikes. The big purpose is to avoid chaos and confusion that can lead to more serious consequences during and after a disaster. Another key part of the NIMS is the emergency operations center (EOC) that takes care of details such as putting a logistics center, emergency medical services team (EMS) or the triage area (Hogan & Burstein, 2007, p. 147). The EOC will be tasked with activating the emergency operations plan (EOP). With today’s terrorist threats hanging over the horizon, the idea of the NIMS is to give local emergency personnel the training and knowledge to treat emerging or potential disasters an all-hazards context. The idea is to treat each disaster as a worst-case scenario so that local responding emergency personnel are not caught flat-footed when arriving at the scene. Taken in another perspective, it is better to be fully prepared for the worst than arrive unprepared for the sheer scale or magnitude of a disaster if one underestimates the scope of the disaster. Even a minor disaster at first glance should be treated as a potential major disaster if mishandled as things can easily escalate and maybe even get out of hand. The lead agency

Human Resources Management in Health Care Assignment - 2

Human Resources Management in Health Care - Assignment Example According to Exhibit 3 this results to ADR of around $340, and the earliest this can be achieved is March to June, most probably during May. There are many reasons why I do not recommend overhauling the training process. First, the 7-day countdown is a Ritz-Carlton tradition that has been proven through time to prepare its new employees to become a proud part of the famous hotel chain. In fact, there have been no reports that the hotel chain have subpar employees. Second, there are many other ways to increase occupancy, such as providing packages for events participants, creating a loyalty card for frequent guests, increasing advertising, etc. Human resource is an integral part of service business. This makes experimenting more difficult, because not only should it be considerate of the customers’ happiness, but also of the employees’ welfare. Unlike machines that only need power to drive it, butlers, managers, and other personnel need more than food and clothing, they also need job security, sense of achievement, and good work

Construction contract Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Construction contract - Assignment Example Engineers are opting for NEC because it is more flexible and can suit the whole construction industry. It is also highly adaptable, provides a range of options for risk allocation. Compared to other construction contract forms, it is the simplest using understandable language where the roots of many disputes have been left out. The use of flow charts also makes it more clear and easy to use. In this paper, the core clauses of NEC and FIDIC are compared with particular emphasis to the core risks and insurance. NEC assigns risks cover according to contemporary principles. Nevertheless unlike FICID, it defines the contractors’ risks in reference to those risks not listed under the employers’ risks. Under NEC conditions, the responsibility of care of the contractor goes beyond the completion of a contract. In the clause 80.1of NEC 3, the employers risks are articulated. They are categorized into six broad groups which include: one, risks involving the site or works and the legal and general liabilities and defaults that may arise from his design. In cases of risks that may crop up from the employer design fault can be insured against through a professional indemnity policy. If it is the employer own design or covered by NEC professional service contract where an outside contractor is involved. In dealing with unexpected situation, NEC has a range of provisions offering compensation for the events or occurrences that are at the employer’s risk. This goes a long way in assisting the project manager and contractor to man the construction projects without being obscured by these events. In the sub-clause 60.1 provision for variations are made where the contractor may request for extension of time for completion and even addition of payment. In such cases, the contractor only articulates his desire for time extension or rising of payment in a quotation. In sub-clause 61.6, affirms that in instances where the results of compensation of an event are